Vaginitis

Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina caused by infection or other factors, and it is a common gynaecological condition. Women in their reproductive years, sexually active women, and pregnant women are particularly prone to infection. While vaginitis itself is not a serious condition, if left untreated, it can result in recurrent infections, worsening symptoms, and complications such as cervicitis or pelvic inflammatory disease. Infections during pregnancy can also potentially impact fetal development. Vaginitis can be classified into various types, with the most common ones being bacterial vaginosis, vaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis.

• Abnormal vaginal discharge
  Normal vaginal discharge is typically transparent or milky white, odourless, and without notable colour. However, if the discharge changes to yellow or green, has a cottage cheese-like or frothy texture, emits a foul odour, or contains blood, it is considered abnormal.

• Itching and swelling of the external genitalia

• Burning sensation in the vaginal area

• Pain during sexual intercourse

• Pain during urination

Bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis is a condition that occurs when there is an imbalance in the vaginal microbial ecosystem, resulting in a change in vaginal pH and an overgrowth of certain bacteria. Women who frequently douche, use cervical rings or have multiple sexual partners are more susceptible to developing bacterial vaginosis. Some individuals may not experience any symptoms, while others may observe an increase in vaginal discharge that is greyish-white in colour and has a fishy odour. Itching of the external genitalia may also be present.

Vaginal candidiasis

Candida is a type of fungus that naturally exists in various organs and mucous membranes of the human body, including the mouth, skin, digestive tract, and vagina. However, when the microbial balance in the vagina is disrupted due to certain conditions, Candida fungus can overgrow. These conditions may include pregnancy, diabetes, immune system disorders or weakened immune function, prolonged use of antibiotics, steroids, or immunosuppressants, and wearing non-breathable underwear. Patients with Candida vaginitis may experience discharge that resembles cottage cheese or cheese, redness and itching of the external genitalia, and potential pain during sexual intercourse.

Read more:Treatment and prevention of vaginal candidiasis

Trichomoniasis

Unlike the previously mentioned types of vaginitis, trichomoniasis is primarily caused by sexual contact. Trichomonas vaginalis, a single-celled parasite, resides in the urogenital system. Engaging in unsafe sexual practices (including not using or improperly using condoms) or having multiple sexual partners increases the risk of acquiring trichomoniasis. Approximately half of those infected do not experience symptoms; however, some may notice an increased vaginal discharge that is watery, yellowish-green, and accompanied by an unpleasant odour. Itching of the external genitalia, as well as pain during sexual intercourse and urination, may also be present. In addition to trichomonas, sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhoea, chlamydia, genital herpes, and genital warts can also cause vaginitis.

Doctors will use a swab to collect vaginal secretions for laboratory testing.

The treatment approach for vaginitis varies depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Here are some common treatment methods:

1. Antibiotic

If vaginitis is caused by a bacterial infection, doctors may prescribe oral or topical antibiotics to treat the infection.

2. Antifungal medications

For vaginitis caused by Candida (yeast) infection, antifungal medications are usually the preferred treatment. These medications can be in the form of vaginal suppositories or topical creams.

3. Antiviral medications

Certain types of vaginitis, such as genital herpes, gonorrhoea, and genital warts, may be caused by viruses. In such cases, doctors may recommend antiviral medications to alleviate symptoms and control viral replication.

Preventive methods include:

1. Maintaining personal hygiene

2. Wearing breathable cotton underwear and changing it daily

3. Avoiding tight-fitting pants

4. When cleaning the genital and anal areas, do so from front to back

5. Avoiding the use of genital hygiene products and fragrances

6. Avoiding douching

7. Using a handheld showerhead for cleaning instead of taking baths

8. Cleaning the genital area before sexual intercourse and urinating after intercourse

9. Practicing safe sex by using condoms

10. Managing diabetes.

Read more:Excessive hygiene can heighten the risk of vaginitis!

Virtus Obstetrics and Gynaecology specialists